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Computers ClearlyExplained.Com

ClearlyExplained.Com

27th July 2003

by Richard Conan-Davies BSc Dip Ed

A straightforward and fast information
guide to computers from
ClearlyExplained.Com

 

Including:

  • The Science of Computers
    the basic principles
  • The Technology of Computers
    the applications
  • The Culture of Computers
    how they influence us


The | What | Why | News | How | History | Future | of computers

What are computers? or what is a computer?

This may seem obvious but... a computer is a technological device that is able to process information.

Importantly a computer is device that can be programmed or instructed to do specific operations. It takes information coming in transforms it and then sends it out.

There is sometimes a bit of an argument about if a calculator is a computer because some don't have the ability to store a program put into them.

 

 

We often all use computers, but do you know the basic principle of how they work?

The word 'computer' comes from
the latin word 'computare' from two latin words 'com'- and 'putare'- meaning 'to reckon' or 'to figure'

reference

There are also analog computers, but these are very rare. Anytime people talk about computers today they mean digital ones.

 

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Why are computers important?

Computers are useful in a variety of applications but mostly for manipulating information including:

  • Storing of information
  • Retrieving information
  • Sending or communicating information.
  • modifying, changing or transforming information.

The advantage with computers is the speed and amount of information that can be processed.

What sort of information?

The range of information is enourmous from:

  • sounds, music
  • databases, bookings for airlines.
  • holding info about your money

An important aspect that makes computers effective is that they are digital and they are very fast.

 

Computers are significant in terms of culture and technology.

The technology of computers is perhaps the most significant aspect. This is basically in two parts:

  • Hardware of computers
  • Software of computers
  • The combination of these two to form practical applications of computers.

 

The culture of Computers

The culture of computers is really about the humanistic impact of computers in areas like art , music, entertainment and communication.

It is perhaps more accurate to refer to the Poetry, art and music with the theme of computers.

 

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News about computers.

Most news about computers is related to developments of applications of computers but also to new technological changes.

Tip: Please bookmark this page for your convenience.

 

Typical computer news stories fall into categories such as:

  • Novel or new and unusual uses of computers.
  • The latest software releases.
  • The latest hardware releases.
  • How computers were used in solving a problem like a crime.
  • Reports on security on web such as hackers or computer viruses.
  • computer news stories also are about the economic impact on stock exchanges.
  • Computers used in entertainment like movies or music.
  • New ways of storing digital information.

Links

Some useful sources about computers come from the manufacturers themselves such as:

organisations that promote computers

Australia

UK

 

The range of computer associations vary depending on what they focus on.

Many are computer associations made from professionals in a particular area or application of computers.

 

 

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Why

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How do computers work?

Computers basically work by changing and moving small electrical charges around an electronic circuit.

The key to a computer is that is uses only a yes and no system. This is also called binary. or I or O. Yes there is an electrical charge or no there isn't.

Everything a computer receives and delivers are electrical signals that are either there or not there. ON or OFF.

A stream of this information(IOIOIIIIOOO) can be then changed into information we can see or hear.

 

So how do these charges get about?

The key component to a computer is a substance called a semiconductor. This substance is built into something called a diode or a transistor. A transistor is a kind of switch that allows an electrical charge to get through or not get through.

A computer 'chip' is made up of thousands, or even millions of these transistors. The computer chip spends most of it's time letting electrical charges go from one transistor to another.

 

 

 

How do the parts of computers work?

A computer is made of several basic parts.

  • A Central processing unit (CPU)
  • Random Access Memory (RAM)
  • Harddisk drive
  • Read Only Memory ROM (ROM)
  • Input/output devices

There are a variety of different types in this group, for example there are different types/brands of CPUs, RAM, HD with different abilities like speed and capacity.

for specifics on how these different parts work check out computers on Howstuffworks.com website.

 

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What is the history of computers?

There is some argument about the first computer or computer like device. It all seems to rely on the definition of computer.

Some sources (PBS) suggest that the abacus as a precursor to a computer. But these mightbe missing some characteristics of computers.

The first Australian computer was being designed almost at the same time as ENIAC. This aussie computer was called CSIRAC and in many ways was developed independently to those in Europe and USA. more info...

The first computing device was a mechanical device called an Analytical Engine by Charles Babbage. more...

The first computer using electricity that flowed in one direction ( like a modern computer) used a thing called a valve. This machine was called ENIAC. built in about 1945 more...

Once transitors (semiconductors) were developed an valves were replaced and the size of computers became smaller annd smaller.

For more detailed information on personal computer history details over the years, Ken Polsson provides a timeline with key patents.

A computer history timeline is available at computerhistory.org.

 

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The future of computers

Computers appear to be all about the future. Some questions that relate to the future of computers include:

  • What is the limit of computing speeds?
  • Storage capacity?
  • What materials can be used for computers?

There are two interesting 'future' developments of computers.

A classic prediction of computer power is the so called "moore's law" a graph shows this seems to fit quite well for predicting computer power.

  • Quantum computers
  • DNA computers

    please email if you would like more info on these topics.

     

 

Is the film "The Matrix" a possible future of how computers become part of our existance? This idea is taken quite seriously at simulation-argument.com

Computers will continue to play an important role in the way the modern world works. Their impact may be limited by a range of factors from technical physical limits to social or economic limits.

 

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